ncts

The stochastic nature of gene regulatory networks described by the Chemical Master Equation (CME) leads to the distribution of the protein. In bimodal distribution, we refer ON to the mode with a higher protein level and OFF to a lower protein level. In most cases, only one state is favored. The traditional wisdom of manipulating the population in each mode is done by adjusting the concentration of the inducer. We propose that the control of stochastic fluctuations drive cells to the desired state. It causes more than 95% of cells to have protein level at ON mode. To have a better understanding, we examine the influence of distributed delay in the toggle switch system. Remarkably, the distributed delay of translation guides 98% of cells to have protein in the ON mode. On the other hand, we also examine the circumstance in which the delay time is a distribution to the cell population but a fixed value to each cell. Such a case shows no ability to rearrange the bimodal distribution. It excludes the possibility that the rearrangement of bimodal distribution simply comes from the trivial reason, the change of the input distribution, and concluded that the change of dynamic stochastic processes is crucial. We also proposed several methods to control stochastic fluctuations. This finding provided a possibility to precisely control the noise in biological systems.